软件包升级
sudo apt upgrade

lsblk命令用于列出所有可用的存储设备及其分区信息

df -h 查看挂载点、文件系统类型、已用空间、可用空间等。

root@dellevin-ubuntu:/# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0                       7:0    0  63.9M  1 loop /snap/core20/2318
loop1                       7:1    0    87M  1 loop /snap/lxd/29351
loop2                       7:2    0  38.8M  1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
sda                         8:0    0 119.2G  0 disk 
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part 
├─sda2                      8:2    0     2G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0 117.2G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0 117.2G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk 
└─sdb1                      8:17   0 465.8G  0 part 

root@dellevin-ubuntu:/# df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              578M  1.2M  577M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  115G  7.1G  102G   7% /
tmpfs                              2.9G     0  2.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  130M  1.7G   8% /boot
tmpfs                              578M  4.0K  578M   1% /run/user/1000

可以看到sdb并没有挂载

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 将这块硬盘格式
化为 ext4 文件系统

root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
/dev/sdb1 contains a ntfs file system labelled '系统'
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Creating filesystem with 122096000 4k blocks and 30531584 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 86424462-d372-4894-89b2-3186bb52b237
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
    102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): 
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/500Data 创建挂载点并挂载硬盘

root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# mkdir 500Data
root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# ls
500Data
root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/500Data
root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# df -h | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1                          458G   28K  435G   1% /mnt/500Data
root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt# df -h 
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                              578M  1.2M  577M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  115G  7.1G  102G   7% /
tmpfs                              2.9G     0  2.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                          2.0G  130M  1.7G   8% /boot
tmpfs                              578M  4.0K  578M   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1                          458G   28K  435G   1% /mnt/500Data

设置开机自动挂载

sudo blkid | grep /dev/sdb1 查看硬盘UUID

root@dellevin-ubuntu:/mnt/500Data# sudo blkid | grep /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="86424462-d372-4894-89b2-3186bb52b237" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="1ea79eea-01"

vim /etc/fstab 然后编辑 fstab 添加一行：

UUID=86424462-d372-4894-89b2-3186bb52b237  /mnt/500Data   ext4   defaults   0   2